Fundamentals of Internet Applications: Spring 2008 week 10: 03/26

Hi everybody, What we did in class this week was the beginning of the final project. Each week we will produce a part of the project, which you will complete as homework. Then, and at the end of the next four weeks, you should have most of the project completed. For this week's class we created the template that we will use for all the pages of the project. Like the mid-term, each page will begin with this template so that all pages will look identical. This will make certain that the most important information, as well as the links, remain in the same place on every page. Carter-

TOPICS:
1. Final Project;
  - LINK Content Requirements;
  - LINK Technical Requirements;
  - LINK Design Requirements;
2. Classwork:
  1. Review:
    - LINK Creating a simple table;
    - LINK Modifying the table with Colspan;
    - LINK NOTE:change table from class by Adding anonther Rowspan&8212extending another cell downward using the rowspan attribute;
    - LINK Adding CSS styles—using an embedded stylesheet for the background color, margins, and links.
    - LINK NOTE:change table from class by Adding Links—typing text and hyperlinks temporarily to various external sites.
  2. Introduce:
    - LINK Creating Repeating Background Images
    - LINK Inserting Images
    - LINK Using CSS Class Selectors;
    - LINK More CSS Classes;
    - LINK CSS Inline Styles;
HOMEWORK—Final Project, Part I: Starting this week, the homework for each class is part of the final project. Each part will be do one week from the time that it was assigned. This means that the assignment for this week will be due in the next class. Each week I will assign a new part to the website. If you produce these assignments on time each week, you will have accumulated HALF THE POINTS for the final. The site that we are going to produce accompanies a book that has already been published that highlights some of the best web-designs of last year. It will have four main parts: the home page, six about pages (six versions of the page, each one for a different language), two gallery pages, and a contact page that will include a form for submitting personal information.
1. Due in class next week: you must complete the template that we begin in class this week. To do so, you must follow the directions here in this blog.
2. Due in class next week:when complete, you must make nine (9) additional copies of this file (copy & paste them) and give them the following names: abt_eng.html, abt_esp.html, abt_deu.html, abt_fra.html, abt_por.html, and abt_ita.html, gal_1.html, gal_2.html, and con.html. For the homework due this week, you need not make any changes to these documents until further instruction in the next class. As a result, all the pages will be exactly alike for the time being.
3. Due in class next week: you have to come up with a color scheme that works with a white background. Your color scheme can only consist of two colors, not including black or gray. Your entire site can include only these colors and lighter or darker variations of them. The two colors must be adjacent on the color wheel. Acceptable color pairs are as follows: red and orange, orange and yellow, yellow and green, green and blue, blue and purple, or purple and red. Your colors will also be reflected in the template that we created in class. If you are unhappy with your choice of colors in class, then you may change them as part of your homework.
4. QUIZ next week covering CSS. Review the questions from last week's post as well as those from the posts of the following weeks that concern CSS: from week 6 and week 2.
FINAL PROJECT
- The site that we are going to produce accompanies a book that has already been published that highlights some of the best web-designs of last year. It will have four main parts: the home page, six about pages (six versions of the page, each one for a different language), two gallery pages, and a contact page that will include a form for submitting personal information. Please read the information provided.
  1. CONTENT REQUIREMENTS:
    1. Part 1: TEMPLATE & HOME PAGE—this page includes some kind of appropriate imagery of your choice. In this page, you should establish the color scheme that you will use throughout your design for this site. ÔThe LookÕ will be established in part by what we do in class together. The rest is up to you, such as the colors, the fonts, and the particular imagery that you will choose. ***More on the HOME PAGE at the end of this postin.***
    2. Part 2: ABOUT PAGES—these pages will all look identical. Each will include some imagery of your choice and the text about this book in six (6) different languages (to be furnished at a later time). The main thing you need to know about him right now to start your site is that this is a book about the state-of-the-art web design.
    3. Part 3: CONTACT PAGE—This page includes an image of the cover of the book, publication information, and book-availability information. It will also have a form for the visitor to submit his/her personal information so as to be a part of the mailing list.
    4. Part 4: IMAGE GALLERY PAGES—I will provide a series of links to the various sites that you must include in this web-page. You must create thumbnail images of the main page of each site by doing a screen capture. Each thumbnail will also provide a link to the relevant site that will open up in a separate windown when clicked on.
  2. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS:
    1. Color Scheme—you must choose a color scheme for your web-site that you can show to me or describe to me. My suggestions are to keep it simple, easy, non-complicated. Keep in mind who your audience is and what the subject matter is.
    2. Page Layout—you must use CSS and/or tables to lay out all pages in a pleasing way. If you are not certain how to do this, consult our past classes and me for assistance.
  3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS:
    1. XHTML
      —ALL CODE for this site must be typed using STRICT XHTML standards. This means the following:
      that all tags and their attributes must be typed in lower case;
      that all attribute values must be typed in quotes and with units;
      that the DTD for strict XHTML must be typed at the top of the document;
      that all empty tags must be typed with the slash at the end, such as with the <br/> tag;
      that none of the deprecated inline tags are to be used, such as the <font>, <b>, <u>, or <i> tags;
      and, in addition, that the <tbody> and the <thead> tags, as well as the height attribute for the <table> and <td> tags, are not permitted.
      If you are uncertain about something, you can consult the requirements at the w3schools site (LINK), or you may ask me. Furthermore, the use of DreamWeaver is permitted; however, please note that DreamWeaver does not create strict XHTML. Therefore, you will have to go through the code and edit it yourself to make certain it follows strict standards.
    2. CSS—ALL STYLING must be done using CSS. We have used it extensively in this class, so it is a requirement that this site use CSS for the styling of the page. All three levels of styles may be, and are encouraged to be used. Please consult me if you need additional assistance with this.
INTRODUCE—As has been the case during 5 of the last 6 weeks, we started last Wednesday's class with a review of a now familiar topic, HTML tables. This was the sixth class that we have worked on tables, and I hope that fact alone indicates their importance to creating effective, and well-designed web-pages. I will not discuss the topic at much length this time, however, and instead will demonstrate examples of code and the resulting tables. LINK Click here LINK and here for a more thorough introduction, discussion and demonstration on the topic of tables.
1. A Simple Table—We shall begin the class be creating a simple table of seven (7) rows with three (3) cells in each row:
  
  And here is the code for this table (if you wish to view this table, temporarily use the border attribute, which we will eventually delete): <table border="1px"> // below here is row 1 <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> // below here is row 2 <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> // below here is row 3 <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> // below here is row 4 <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> // below here is row 5 <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> // below here is row 6 <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> // below here is row 7 <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> </table>
2. Modifying the Table—Next, I add colspan and rowspan to alter the table. Rows 1, 2, and 6 get a rowspan of three to stretch the cell all the way across the table. Cell 2 of row 7 gets a rowspan of two, and cells 2 and 3 of row 3 get a rowspan of 3 to push the cells downward through three rows: <table border="1px"> // below here is row 1 <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> ~~<td> </td>~~ ~~<td> </td>~~ </tr> // below here is row 2 <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> ~~<td> </td>~~ ~~<td> </td>~~ </tr> // below here is row 3 <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 4 <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> ~~<td> </td>~~ </tr> // below here is row 5 <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> ~~<td> </td>~~ </tr> // below here is row 6 <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> ~~<td> </td>~~ ~~<td> </td>~~ </tr> // below here is row 7 <tr> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> ~~<td> </td>~~ </tr> </table>
3. Changing Table—To complete the table modifications, I want all of you to add another rowspan attribute to cell 2 of row 3. After this, you will also have to delete one cell from rows 4 and 5:
  
  <table border="1px"> // below here is row 1 <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 2 <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 3 <tr> <td> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 4 <tr> <td> </td> ~~<td> </td>~~ </tr> // below here is row 5 <tr> <td> </td> ~~<td> </td>~~ </tr> // below here is row 6 <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 7 <tr> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> </tr> </table>
4. Adding CSS Styles—To begin to design the page, I will add some styling to the page using an embedded stylesheet. Recall, that an embedded stylesheet are CSS styles that are defined within the HEAD SECTION of the document, between a pair of <style> tags. To see further discussion on the topic of CSS, please see last week's posting. Please note, that I am adding styles right now to design the various link states even though we have not put any links into the table yet: <style type="text/css">  </style> Since we have styles for links, we are going to turn the text in the table, the words home, about, contact, galleries into links. You can make them link to anything you want for now: <table border="1px"> // below here is row 1 <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 2 <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 3 <tr> <td><a href="http://www.yahoo.com" target="_blank">home</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="http://www.amazon.com" target="_blank">galleries</a></td> </tr> // below here is row 4 <tr> <td><a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank">about</a></td> </tr> // below here is row 5 <tr> <td><a href="http://www.msn.com" target="_blank">contact</a></td> </tr> // below here is row 6 <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 7 <tr> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> </tr> </table>
5. Background Images—Using background images has long been a staple of webpages with conventional HTML, despite the fact that the repeating images when done well became little more than wallpaper. However, with the advent of XHTML and CSS, the possibilities of background imagery vastly expanded. With expanded control over how and where the images were to repeat, if they were to repeat at all, a whole new variety of effects became possible, from custom gradients to a whole variety of vertical and horizontal stripes. Moreover, the CSS programmer could not only now halt the repetition of the images altogether to a single instance, but position the image as well. Furthermore, given the property of background images to repeat, we can create images of minimal dimensions, say only one pixel in width that may then repeat itself horizontally to form a stripe that seems much wider; or, only one pixel in height that then repeats itself vertically in the same fashion. For our template, we need three background images. Two of them will form custom horizontal stripes, and one will form a custom gradient. To create the horizontal stripes we created two different images, each with the dimensions width: 1px by height: 15px. When viewed in PhotoShop at maximum zoom, this is how those images appear: Notice to the right and at the top of each image the rulers. These measure the images in pixels. Use these measurements to create similar images yourself for your template. However, you may use a different color. For the next image, I wanted to create a gradient that changes from white on the left side to a light red on the right side. As a result, this meant I would have to create a background image that repeated vertically instead of horizontally like the other two. I gave it the following dimensions: width: 700px by height: 1px. I made it a very gradual gradient stretched the full 700 pixels. Because of its peculiar dimensions, both very wide and very narrow, it is impossible to show here. One note: you may ask yourself what would be the purpose of making such tiny images. Why have an image that is almost unmanageably narrow? The reason is file size. An image that is so narrow will have a much smaller file size and will therefore transfer and load up almost instantaneously in the browser window.
6. Images—In addition to background images, we will also need a couple of other images. Together, these will form the title banner of the page, and the first of these has the following dimensions, width: 175px by height: 100px:
  
  The second image we did not create in class, but it will serve as a kind of logo. You will need to create now, and its dimensions are width: 85px by height: 80px:
7. CSS Class Selectors—Using a CSS Class is a special way to attach styles to an element in a page of HTML. Let's review, a CSS style definition consists of three (3) basic terms: ¹selector {²property: ³value;} The selector determines to which HTML element the style will be applied, as in the following example: h1 {font-size:28pt;} In the above example, the selector is the h1. It selects, or indicates that the following styles are to be applied to all<h1> tags. The following two terms after the selector should be self-explanatory, they are the property of the tag being styled, font-size, and then the particular value or setting for that property, 28pt. Up to now, this is the only sort of style definition we have considered, those that match a particular HTML tag; however, there are selectors which may be used for any tag. This makes the style definition very flexible, as it can be applied as often or seldom as necessary. They are known as classes. and the selector, since it is not given a particular tag name such as body or h1, must have unique names. These names are preceded by a dot (.). .red {color:#ff0000; font-weight:bold;} Once created, the class is applied like all attributes are, and to any tag that is necessary, such as the two examples that follow: <p class="red">hello!</p> <td class="red">cell 1</td> With this understanding, we will create three (3) classes to be applied immediately to our table, one for each row. Later, we may use these classes again if we need to. <style type="text/css">  </style> These styles can then be applied to the table cells along with the title image: <table ~~border="1px"~~> // below here is row 1 <tr> <td class="table_bg1" colspan="3"><img src="images/title.gif"/></td> </tr> // below here is row 2 <tr> <td class="table_bg2"colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 3 <tr> <td><a href="http://www.yahoo.com" target="_blank">home</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="http://www.amazon.com" target="_blank">galleries</a></td> <td rowspan="3"></td> </tr> // below here is row 4 <tr> <td><a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank">about</a></td> </tr> // below here is row 5 <tr> <td><a href="http://www.msn.com" target="_blank">contact</a></td> </tr> // below here is row 6 <tr> <td class="table_bg3" colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 7 <tr> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> </tr> </table> This code produces the following results (If you mouse over on the left side of the white area in YOUR own example, not here, you will see the links appear):
8. More Classes
  —In order to get the template to appear exactly the way we wish, we need to change the widths of columns in the middle section of the table (which is now the white area between the red stripes that contains the links). The first column needs to remain constant, no matter what the size of the browser window is since it contains most of the navigation for the site. The last column, also, needs to remain constant since it is going to contain the logo. I would like this column to be the same width as the image it is going to contain, 85px. I would also like the first column to be that width as it is narrow and seems a reasonable width for a column that will only contain links, nothing else. Later, we can decide to change these widths if we decide they are not exacty what we want. In addition, we need to set the background-color for these cells and columns, which will be black. It may seem then, we need only one class, two at most, since all the cells in this middle section will be the same color, black. However, we really need three, and they need to do the following:
  1. new class 1: This class will be for the first column and it needs to make the background black, set the width to 80 pixels, and align the text to the right;
  2. new class 2: This class will be for the second column and it also needs to make the background black, but it does not need to set a width, and it needs to align the text to the center and vertically in the middle (as this cell has a rowspan of 3 and extends downward across 3 rows);
  3. new class 3: This class will be for the third column and it, like the other two, needs to make the background black, needs to set the width to 80 pixels, like the first, but does not need to set an alignment as it will not have any text. Unlike the others, however, it will require a background image, the logo that we created. Unlike the other background images that we created, this one will not repeat at all in either the X or Y directions.
  The following is how these three new classes will appear in the stylesheet:
  // column class number 1 --sets the styles for the first column between the red stripes .col1 {width:80px; background-color:#000000; text-align:right;} // column class number 2 --sets the styles for the second column between the red stripes .col2 {background-color:#000000; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:20px;} // column class number 1 --sets the styles for the third column between the red stripes .col3 {width:80px; background-color:#000000; background-image:url("images/logo1.png"); background-repeat:no-repeat} Next, we need to apply those classes to the tags within the HTML: <table border="1px"> // below here is row 1 <tr> <td class="table_bg1" colspan="3"><img src="images/title.gif"/></td> </tr> // below here is row 2 <tr> <td class="table_bg2"colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 3 <tr> <td class="col1"><a href="http://www.yahoo.com" target="_blank">home</a></td> <td class="col2" rowspan="3"><a href="http://www.amazon.com" target="_blank">galleries</a></td> <td class="col3" rowspan="3"></td> </tr> // below here is row 4 <tr> <td class="col1"><a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank">about</a></td> </tr> // below here is row 5 <tr> <td class="col1"><a href="http://www.msn.com" target="_blank">contact</a></td> </tr> // below here is row 6 <tr> <td class="table_bg3" colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 7 <tr> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> </tr> </table> The above changes and additions to the code produces a table that now looks like the image below:
9. Inline Styles
  —The last thing that I would like to add to this template for our website are borders; however, I only want to add borders very selectively. I do NOT wish to have borders throughout the table. I only want borders to appear between the links and no where else within the table. This makes things a little tricky, so I have to be very clear in my own mind where the borders need to be:
  1. We need a border below the first link on the bottom of the cell;
  2. We need a border below the second link on the bottom of the cell;
  3. We do NOT need a border below the third, however;
  4. We need a border on the right hand side of the first link between the first and second columns;
  5. We need a border on the right hand side of the second link between the first and second columns;
  6. We need a border on the right hand side of the third link between the first and second columns;
  7. We do NOT need borders anywhere else;
  Because where we need borders to be is so specific, the only way to do this is by employing what are known as Inline Styles. This type of CSS follows the same rules as the other two types we have discussed in class, linked/attached/external stylsheets and embedded stylesheets; however, they apply their styles in very specific instances. Attached styles may apply to many webpages at once. Embedded styles may apply to every instance of a tag within a page. Inline styles apply to only one tag at a time as they are typed within the specific tag for which they are required. Since we do not wish to apply borders to every
  <td> tag, but to only a couple of them, we will use Inline styles for this. Below is how the code will be modified: <table border="1px"> // below here is row 1 <tr> <td class="table_bg1" colspan="3"><img src="images/title.gif"/></td> </tr> // below here is row 2 <tr> <td class="table_bg2"colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 3 <tr> <td class="col1" style="border-color:#ffffff; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-top:0px; border-left:0px;"><a href="http://www.yahoo.com" target="_blank">home</a></td> <td class="col2" rowspan="3"><a href="http://www.amazon.com" target="_blank">galleries</a></td> <td class="col3" rowspan="3"></td> </tr> // below here is row 4 <tr> <td class="col1" style="border-color:#ffffff; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-top:0px; border-left:0px;"><a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank">about</a></td> </tr> // below here is row 5 <tr> <td class="col1" style="border-color:#ffffff; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px; border-left:0px;"><a href="http://www.msn.com" target="_blank">contact</a></td> </tr> // below here is row 6 <tr> <td class="table_bg3" colspan="3"> </td> </tr> // below here is row 7 <tr> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> </tr> </table> And so we get the following completed template:

Fundamentals of Internet Applications

Friday, March 28, 2008

Spring 2008

week 10: 03/26

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